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References 1. Fagherazzi G, et al. Voice for Health: The Use of Vocal Biomarkers from Research to Clinical Practice. Digit Biomark. 2021;5: 78-88. 2. Fagherazzi G, et al. Protocol for a prospective, longitudinal cohort of people with COVID-19 and their household members to study factors associated with disease severity: the Predi-COVID study. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e041834. 3. Fagherazzi G, et al. A Voice-Based Biomarker for Monitoring Symptom Resolution in Adults with COVID-19: Findings from the Prospective Predi-COVID Cohort Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3949487 Figures [Formula presented] Fig.1. Pipeline d'identification, de validation et d'implementation d'un biomarqueur vocal (Luxembourg Institute of Health, Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit). [Formula presented] Fig. 2. Performances du biomarqueur vocal de suivi du statut symptomatique chez les patients avec COVIS-19. Copyright © 2022
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Changes in current scientific literature and regulatory documents related to the issues of infectious safety in organ and tissue donation have been analyzed. The suggestions have been given for changing the existing practices to meet new challenges. Data on threats to the safety of organ and tissue donation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been presented. © 2020 Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019, vaccines against the COVID-19 infection have been under development using different approaches. At present, protective immunity factors against COVID-19 infection are not completely characterized. Of the four structural proteins of coronavirus, the spike protein (S) and the nucleocapsid protein (N) are most widely expressed in viral infections and elicit the antibody response. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) presents a problem for developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV. It was shown in animal studies that SARS-CoV-1 vaccines containing recombinant S-protein or DNA-vaccine expressed S-protein led to pulmonary immunopathology after infection with SARS virus. Antibodies to the coronavirus S-protein produced by the human immune system in response to infection may contribute to the penetration of SARS-CoV into monocytes and macrophages through the Fc-gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) and may aggravate the course of infection. The demonstration of ADE with coronavirus infection raises fundamental questions regarding the development of vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the use of passive prophylaxis or treatment with virus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Evaluation of the mechanisms of immunopathology, including the responses of immunoglobulins and cytokines to vaccines, and tests for antigen-antibody complexes after infection and vaccination can help address these issues.